India has been one of the leading countries in terms of agriculture farming. There are varieties of crops grown in India which not only fulfills the need of Indian people but are also exported all around the world. Though numerous crops are cultivated in India there are some crops that India leads in producing. Here is a brief introduction to the variety of crops grown in India.
Rice
India is the second-largest producer of rice all over the world. It can be produced throughout the year if it gets proper atmospheric moisture and rainfall for irrigation. Rice production needs a large land that must be covered with water for almost 12-14 cm above the soil. The transpiration technique which is a Japanese technique is used for the production of rice in India.
Aman, Sali, Afghani, Aus, Boro, Palau, and Basmati are some varieties of rice cultivated.
West Bengal is the highest producer of rice in India. There are other cities as well where rice is cultivated such as Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Bihar, Orissa, Assam, and Tamil Nadu.
Wheat
Wheat is the 2nd most important crop in India and the second producer of it all over the world as well. Wheat requires a flexible climate and other conditions of growth including the main point which is the soil which should be sandy loam or clay loam. It is mainly grown in Uttar Pradesh and Punjab. Wheat has encouraged India in the field of business with its export worldwide. One should have knowledge of what is commercial farming before getting into the export business.
Cotton
Cotton is known as the “white gold” of India. It is a tropic and subtropic Kharif crop that is a dry crop but requires moisture in the roots for growth. There is a special soil known as black soil which is highly water-retentive soil required for the cultivation of cotton. Indian ranks 3rd in the production of cotton worldwide. It is widely grown in Gujarat as per the report of 2015 but also cultivated in Maharashtra, Haryana, Andhra Pradesh, Rajasthan, Karnataka, and Tamil Nadu.
Jute
Jute is a tropical plant that requires a very hot and humid climate. More than 85% of jute is cultivated in the Ganges delta of India. It is an important natural fiber in terms of cultivation and usage. India is the highest producer country of jute which is grown in West Bengal, Bihar, Assam, Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, Tripura, and many more cities. White jute and Tossa jute are the variety of jute mainly cultivated and exported. What is plantation agriculture is known by the people of India then they can easily increase their cultivation and become the leading country in terms of export of various crops.
Sugarcane
Sugarcane is an important cash crop for which India stands second in the production list. It requires heavy rainfall for its growth which was favorable in the northern parts of India but now has shifted to the south. It requires clayey, black, red, and brown loamy soil for its growth so, mainly cultivated in Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Lucknow, Karnataka, and Tamil Nadu.
Tea
India is the second-largest producer and first largest consumer of tea worldwide. It requires sloppy ground for cultivation as it can not bear water logging so basically grown in Darjeeling, Assam, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, and Karnataka. It requires huge labor work for picking the leaves which have mostly women working in the field. Cultivation of tea has also resulted in income for women in India.
Spices
India is well known for its spices all over the world from ancient times. There is a variety of spices cultivated in India such as cardamom, pepper, chilies, turmeric, coconut, cinnamon, clove, and ginger. These are largely grown in Kerala and Tamil Nadu. one of the most produced crops of India is species.
I hope this article gave you a brief introduction to the variety of crops cultivated in India.